Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about The Netherlands economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Dutch best banks and safest banks are also available.
Basic Information
Government Type: Parliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital City: Amsterdam; note – The Hague is the seat of government
GDP & Economic Information
Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data
Central Bank |
Netherlands Bank |
---|---|
Currency |
Euros (EUR) |
International Reserves |
USD 38.5 billion (2018) International Monetary Fund (IMF), data retrieved October 2019 |
Gross Domestic Product – GDP | USD 912.9 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) | Intl$ 969.2 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP Data
Real GDP growth |
2007: 3.8% 2008: 2.2% 2009: -3.7% 2010: 1.3% 2011: 1.6% 2012: -1% 2013: -0.1% 2014: 1.4% 2015: 2% 2016: 2.2% 2017: 2.9% 2018: 2.5% (Estimate) |
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GDP per capita – current prices |
USD 53,106.4 (2018, estimate) |
GDP per capita – PPP | Intl$ 56,383.3 (2018, estimate) |
GDP (PPP) – share of world total |
1980: 1.29% 1990: 1.19% 2000: 1.08% 2010: 0.85% 2019: 0.71% (Estimate) |
GDP – composition by sector |
agriculture: 1.6% industry: 17.5% services: 70.3% (2018 estimate) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) |
2% (2017) OECD, data retrieved October 2019 |
Inflation |
2015: 0.2% 2016: 0.1% 2017: 1.3% 2018: 1.6% (Estimate) 2019: 2.5% (Estimate) |
The Netherlands
Inflation & Debt
Inflation |
2015: 0.2% 2016: 0.1% 2017: 1.3% 2018: 1.6% (Estimate) 2019: 2.5% (Estimate) |
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Government Bond Ratings |
Standard & Poor’s: AAA Moody’s: Aaa Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s |
Unemployment rate |
2015: 6.9% 2016: 6% 2017: 4.9% 2018: 3.8% (Estimate) 2019: 3.3% (Estimate) |
Household saving rates |
8.4% (Total, 2018) |
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) |
2015: 64.6% 2016: 61.9% 2017: 56.9% 2018: 52.4% (Estimate) 2019: 49.2% (Estimate) |
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) |
2015: -2% 2016: 0% 2017: 1.3% 2018: 1.5% (Estimate) 2019: 1.2% (Estimate) |
Market value of publicly traded shares |
2016: USD 805.7 billion 2017: USD 1,100.1 billion 2018: N/A |
Largest Companies |
Altice Europe, Wolters Kluwer, X5 Retail Group, Yandex NV, KPN, Adyen, VEON, Royal Dutch Shell, ING Group, AIRBUS, Unilever, EXOR, Royal Ahold Delhaize N.V., Heineken, NN Group, ASML Holding, Philips, Aegon, NXP Semiconductors, Unibail-Rodamco, Akzo Nobel, DSM, Steinhoff International, Randstad Holding, Asr Nederland |
Import/Export
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) |
82.5% (2015) |
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Shares in world total merchandising export |
3.4% (2015) |
Shares in world total commercial services export |
3.7% (2015) |
Total exports |
USD 460.1 billion (2016 estimate) |
Export commodities |
Machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; foodstuffs |
Total imports |
USD 376.3 billion (2016 estimate) |
Import commodities |
Machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, clothing |
Exports – major partners |
Germany 24.5%, Belgium 11.1%, UK 9.3%, France 8.4%, Italy 4.2% (2015) |
Imports – major partners |
Germany 14.7%, China 14.5%, Belgium 8.2%, US 8.1%, UK 5.1% (2015) |
Competitiveness & Trade
Current account balance |
USD 65.5 billion (2017 estimate) |
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP |
8.2% (2017 estimate) |
FDI inflows |
2013: USD 51,375 million 2014: USD 52,198 million 2015: USD 72,649 million |
FDI Outflows |
2013: USD 69,974 million 2014: USD 55,966 million 2015: USD 113,429 million |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser |
2012: USD -1,091.8 million 2013: USD -3,142.1 million 2014: USD -1,340.0 million 2015: USD 20,274.8 million |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 |
AerCap Holdings NV, International Lease Finance Corp, United States, USD 5.4 billion / Royal Dutch Shell PLC, Repsol SA-Liquefied Natural Gas Business, Peru, USD 4.6 billion / PPF Group NV, Telefonica Czech Republic as, Czech Republic, USD 3.3 billion |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 |
Genesis International Holdings NV, Steinhoff International Holdings Ltd, South Africa, USD 20.4 billion / DE Master Blenders 1753 BV-Coffee Business, Mondelez International Inc-Coffee Business, Netherlands, USD 4.2 billion |
Best countries for doing business |
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm. Overall ranking: 82 out of 190 countries Subcategories: Starting a Business: 53 out of 190 countries Dealing with Construction Permits: 166 out of 190 countries Getting Electricity: 107 out of 190 countries Registering Property: 98 out of 190 countries Getting Credit: 48 out of 190 countries Protecting Minority Investors: 111 out of 190 countries Paying Taxes: 123 out of 190 countries Trading across Borders: 25 out of 190 countries Enforcing Contracts: 120 out of 190 countries Resolving Insolvency: 39 out of 190 countries World Bank – Doing Business 2020 |
Global competitiveness ranking |
4 out of 138 countries (2016-2017) |
Index of Economic Freedom |
Ranking: 16 / Score: 74.55 (Mostly free) (2016) (100=totally free 0=totally repressed) |
Population & Geographic Data
Time Zone |
UTC+1 |
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Total Area |
41,543 sq km |
Total Population |
1990: 14.89 million 2000: 15.86 million 2010: 16.58 million 2015: 16.9 million 2020: 17.28 million (Estimate) |
Urban population as % of total population |
1960: 59.8% 1980: 64.7% 2000: 76.8% 2018: 91.5% |
Population median age |
42.7 years |
Population growth rate |
0.38% (2018 estimate) |
Life expectancy |
81.5 years (2018 estimate) |
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day |
0.2% (last available estimate, 2015) |
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index) |
28.2 (last available estimate, 2015) (0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality) |
Freedom House rating |
Free Political Rights: 1 Civil Liberties: 1 (2019) (1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating) |
Total telephone subscribers as % of population |
Fixed: 34.6% Mobile: 0% (2018) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers) |
Internet users as % of total population |
94.71 % (2018) |
Language & Religon
Languages |
Dutch (official) |
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Literacy | N/A |
Religions |
Roman Catholic 23.6%, Protestant 14.9% (includes Dutch Reformed 6.4%, Protestant Church of The Netherlands 5.6%, Calvinist 2.9%), Muslim 5.1%, other 5.6% (includes Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish), none 50.7% (2017 est.) |
World Rankings
Population | 17.28 M |
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Mercer Cost of living index |
Amsterdam: 58th (2019) |
C02 Emissions per capita |
9.92 metric tons per capita (2014) |
Global Finance Rankings & Awards: The Netherlands
Global Finance Magazine holds several conferences and awards ceremonies throughout the year to recognize the winning financial institutions and companies in a host of categories including World’s Best Trade Finance Banks, World's Biggest Banks, World's Safest Banks, World's Best Developed & Emerging Markets Banks, World's Best Internet Banks, and World’s Best Investment Banks.Data Sources:
IMF World Economic Outlook
UN World Population Prospects
World Inequality Report
S&P Global Ratings
Moody’s
Fitch Ratings
IMF Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
CIA The World Factbook
World Bank’s World Integrated Trade Solution
Forbes Global 2000