Browse additional economic indicators and data sets, selected by Global Finance editors, to learn more about Ethiopia economic outlook, debt to GDP ratio, international trade performance and population trends. Rankings of Ethiopia best banks and safest banks are also available.
Basic Information
Government Type: Federal parliamentary republic
Capital City: Addis Ababa
GDP & Economic Information
Macroeconomy & Sovereign Data
Central Bank | National Bank of Ethiopia |
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Currency |
Birr (ETB) |
International Reserves |
USD 4 billion (2018) World Bank, data retrieved October 2019 |
Gross Domestic Product – GDP | USD 80.3 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) | Intl$ 219.5 billion (2018, estimate) |
GDP Data
Real GDP growth |
2007: 11.8% 2008: 11.2% 2009: 10% 2010: 10.6% 2011: 11.4% 2012: 8.7% 2013: 9.9% 2014: 10.3% 2015: 10.4% 2016: 8% 2017*: 10.1% 2018*: 7.7% *Estimate |
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GDP per capita – current prices | USD 852.8 (2018, estimate) |
GDP per capita – PPP | Intl$ 2,332.2 (2018, estimate) |
GDP (PPP) – share of world total |
1980: 0.09% 1990: 0.08% 2000: 0.07% 2010: 0.10% 2019*: 0.17% *Estimate |
GDP – composition by sector |
agriculture: 31.1% industry: 27.3% services: 36.5% (2018 estimate) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D; (% of GDP) | N/A |
Inflation |
2015: 9.6% 2016: 6.6% 2017: 10.7% 2018: 13.8% 2019: 14.6% *Estimate |
Ethiopia
Inflation & Debt
Inflation |
2015: 9.6% 2016: 6.6% 2017: 10.7% 2018: 13.8% 2019: 14.6% *Estimate |
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Government Bond Ratings |
Moody’s: B1 Standard & Poor’s / Moody’s |
Unemployment rate | N/A |
Household saving rates | N/A |
Public debt (General government gross debt as a % of GDP) |
2015: 54.5% 2016: 55.8% 2017: 58.6% 2018*: 61% 2019*: 59.1% *Estimate |
Public deficit (General government net lending/borrowing as a % of GDP) |
2015: -1.9% 2016: -2.3% 2017: -3.3% 2018*: -3% 2019*: -2.8% *Estimate |
Market value of publicly traded shares | N/A |
Largest Companies | N/A |
Import/Export
Exports as percent of GDP (Exports of goods and services) |
8.4% (2018) |
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Shares in world total merchandising export | 0.01% (2018) |
Shares in world total commercial services export | 0.08% (2018) |
Total exports |
USD 7.6 billion (2018 estimate) |
Export commodities | Coffee (27%, by value), oilseeds (17%), edible vegetables including khat (17%), gold (13%), flowers (7%), live animals (7%), raw leather products (3%), meat products (3%) |
Total imports |
USD 20.6 billion (2018 estimate) |
Import commodities | Machinery and aircraft (14%, by value), metal and metal products, (14%), electrical materials, (13%), petroleum products (12%), motor vehicles, (10%), chemicals and fertilizers (4%) |
Exports – major partners |
Sudan 23.3%, Switzerland 10.2%, China 8.1%, Somalia 6.6%, Netherlands 6.2%, US 4.7%, Germany 4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.6%, UK 4.6% (2017) |
Imports – major partners |
China 24.1%, Saudi Arabia 10.1%, India 6.4%, Kuwait 5.3%, France 5.2% (2017) |
Competitiveness & Trade
Current account balance | USD -5.3 billion (2018 estimate) |
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Current account balance by percentage of GDP | -6.5 % (2018 estimate) |
FDI inflows |
2016: USD 3,989 million 2017: USD 4,017 million 2018: USD 3,310 million |
FDI Outflows | N/A |
Value of cross-border M&A, by country of purchaser |
N/A United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) – World Investment Report |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2014 | N/A |
Cross-border M&A deals worth over $3 billion completed in 2015 | N/A |
Best countries for doing business |
Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business. A high ease of doing business ranking means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting and operation of a local firm. Overall ranking: 159 out of 190 countries Subcategories: Starting a Business: 168 out of 190 countries Dealing with Construction Permits: 142 out of 190 countries Getting Electricity: 137 out of 190 countries Registering Property: 142 out of 190 countries Getting Credit: 176 out of 190 countries Protecting Minority Investors: 189 out of 190 countries Paying Taxes: 132 out of 190 countries Trading across Borders: 156 out of 190 countries Enforcing Contracts: 67 out of 190 countries Resolving Insolvency: 149 out of 190 countries World Bank – Doing Business 2019 |
Global competitiveness ranking |
126 out of 141 countries (2019) |
Index of Economic Freedom |
Ranking: 137 / Score: 53.6 (Mostly unfree) (100=totally free 0=totally repressed) |
Population & Geographic Data
Time Zone |
UTC+3 |
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Total Area | 1,104,300 sq km |
Total Population |
1990: 46.81 million 2000: 63.5 million 2010: 82.91 million 2015: 89.76 million 2020*: 97.18 million *Estimate |
Urban population as % of total population |
1960: 6.4% 1980: 10.4% 2000: 14.7% 2018: 20.8% |
Population median age |
18 years |
Population growth rate |
2.83% (2018 estimate) |
Life expectancy |
63 years |
% of population living on less than $3.10 a day |
68.9% (last available estimate, 2015) |
Inequality of wealth distribution (Gini index) |
35 (last available estimate, 2015) (0=perfect equality, 100=absolute inequality) |
Freedom House rating |
Not Free Political Rights: 6 Civil Liberties: 6 (2019) (1 represents the most free, 7 the least free rating) |
Total telephone subscribers as % of population |
Fixed: 1% Mobile: 0% (2018) (fixed-telephone subscribers and mobile-cellular subscribers) |
Internet users as % of total population |
18.62 % (2017) |
Language & Religon
Languages |
Albanian 98.8% (official – derived from Tosk dialect), Greek 0.5%, other 0.6% (including Macedonian, Romani, Vlach, Turkish, Italian, and Serbo-Croatian), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.) CIA World Factbook / Languages |
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Literacy |
Total population: 38.2% Male: 52% Female: 24.2% Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) (age 15 and over can read and write) |
Religions |
Muslim 56.7%, Roman Catholic 10%, Orthodox 6.8%, atheist 2.5%, Bektashi (a Sufi order) 2.1%, other 5.7%, unspecified 16.2% (2011 est.) CIA World Factbook / Religions |
World Rankings
Population | 97.18 M |
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Mercer Cost of living index | Addis Ababa: 171st (2019) |
C02 Emissions per capita |
0.12 metric tons per capita (2014) |